Small intestinesThe small intestine extends from the pyloric sphincter to the beginning of the large intestine. Its purpose is to receive secretions from the pancreas and liver. It also completes digestion of the nutrients in chyme, absorbs the products of digestion, and transports the remaining residue to the large intestine.
Things found in the small intestines: Nucelases- any of a group of enzymes that split nucleic acids into nucleotides and other products Peptidases- Enzyme that catalyzes the breakdown of polypeptides Sucrose- Disaccharide; table sugar Maltase- Enzyme that catalyzes breakdown of maltose into glucose Lactase-Enzyme that catalyzes breakdown of lactose into glucose and galactose Intestinal Lipase- Fat-digesting enzyme of the intestnes Ileocecal Valve- the sphincter muscle between the ileum of the small intestine and the cecum of the large intestine. It consists of two flaps that project into the lumen of the large intestine, immediately above the vermiform appendix, preventing food from reentering the small intestine. PancreasThe pancreas has two main functions: an exocrine function that helps in digestion and an endocrine function that regulates blood sugar.
Things found in the pancreas: Pancreatic Juice- the enzyme-containing secretion of the pancreas, conducted through its ducts to the duodenum. the enzyme-containing secretion of the pancreas, conducted through its ducts to the duodenum. Pancreatic Amylase- An enzyme secreted by the pancreas that digests starch. Pancreatic Lipase- the fat-splitting enzyme in pancreatic juice; it hydrolyzes triacylglycerol to produce a diacylglycerol and a fatty acid anion; a deficiency of the hepatic enzyme results in hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia. Protease/ Proteolytic Enzymes- enzymes in-volved in the digestion of proteins; supplemented in cases of pancreatic insufficiency. Have been used for their antiinflammatory, antiedema, immunomodulatory, and fibrinolytic actions, to speed the healing of injuries, to treat herpes zoster, and to relieve the pain and inflammation of osteoarthritis. Caution is advised for patients who are taking anticoagulants or antiplatelet medications. Liver |
The liver is the large, dark-red gland in the upper part of the abdomen on the right side, just beneath the diaphragm. Its functions include storage and filtration of blood, secretion of bile, conversion of sugars into glycogen, and many other metabolic activities.
Gall bladderThe gall bladder is a membranous sac, such as one serving as receptacle for a secretion.
Bile- a fluid secreted by the liver, concentrated in the gallbladder, and poured into the small intestine via the bile ducts, which helps in alkalinizing the intestinal contents and plays a role in emulsification, absorption, and digestion of fat; its chief constituents are conjugated bile salts, cholesterol, phospholipid, bilirubin, and electrolytes. Bile Salts- Any of the sodium salts of the bile acids, such as taurocholate and glycocholate, occurring in bile |